Резекция сигмовидной кишки (также известная как сигмоидэктомия) является медицинской процедурой, при которой происходит удаление или частичное удаление сигмовидной кишки. Сигмовидная кишка является последним отделом толстой кишки, расположенным перед прямой кишкой. Она имеет форму буквы "S" и располагается чуть ниже левой половины живота.
Resection of the sigmoid colon is often performed as a treatment option for various conditions such as colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction, or traumatic injury to the colon. The procedure can be performed using different surgical techniques, including open surgery and laparoscopic surgery.
During an open surgery approach, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal wall to access the sigmoid colon. The affected portion of the sigmoid colon is then removed, and the remaining healthy ends of the colon are reconnected using sutures or staples. In some cases, a temporary colostomy may be created to divert the stool away from the resected area to allow for healing. This is usually closed in a subsequent operation.
Laparoscopic surgery, on the other hand, is a minimally invasive approach that involves making several small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon inserts a laparoscope, which is a long, thin tube with a camera and surgical instruments attached, through one of the incisions. The camera allows the surgeon to visualize the surgical site on a video monitor. Specialized instruments are used to remove the affected portion of the sigmoid colon, and the remaining healthy ends are joined together as in open surgery.
Resection of the sigmoid colon is considered a major surgery and is performed under general anesthesia. As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, including bleeding, infection, damage to nearby organs, anesthesia-related complications, and the potential need for a temporary or permanent colostomy.
Recovery after a sigmoid colon resection varies from patient to patient, but generally involves a hospital stay for several days to monitor for complications, such as infection or bowel leakage. Pain medication may be prescribed to manage postoperative pain. Patients are often encouraged to gradually resume their normal activities and maintain a healthy diet.
Overall, sigmoid colon resection is an effective treatment option for a range of conditions affecting the sigmoid colon. It can help alleviate symptoms, resolve complications, and improve the overall quality of life for patients. However, it is important to discuss the risks, benefits, and potential alternatives with a healthcare provider to make an informed decision about the best treatment approach for each individual case.
